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Selective nanoparticle‐directed ablation of the canine prostate
Author(s) -
Schwartz Jon A.,
Price Roger E.,
GillSharp Kelly L.,
Sang Krystina L.,
Khorchani Jennifer,
Goodwin Bradford S.,
Payne J. Donald
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
lasers in surgery and medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1096-9101
pISSN - 0196-8092
DOI - 10.1002/lsm.21039
Subject(s) - photothermal therapy , prostate , prostate cancer , ablation , ablative case , nanoshell , laser ablation , medicine , biomedical engineering , radiation therapy , materials science , pathology , nuclear medicine , nanoparticle , laser , cancer , radiology , nanotechnology , optics , physics
Abstract Background and Objectives Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer type and the second most common cause of cancer death among US men. This study, adapted a previously reported nanoparticle‐directed photothermal treatment of brain tumors to the treatment of prostate disease by using normal canine prostate in vivo, directly injected with a suspension of nanoparticles as a proxy for prostate tumor, and by developing laser dosimetry for prostate which is marginally ablative in native tissue, yet producing photothermal coagulation in prostate tissue containing nanoparticles. Methods Canine prostates were exposed by surgical laparotomy and directly injected with suspensions of nanoparticles (nanoshells) and irradiated by a NIR laser source delivered percutaneously by an optical fiber catheter and isotropic diffuser. The photothermal lesions were permitted to resolve for up to 8 days, at which time each animal was euthanized, necropsied, and the prostate taken for histopathological and elemental analysis. Results Nanoparticles were retained for up to 4 hours in prostate and served as a proxy for prostate tumor. A marginally ablative laser dose of 3.0 W for 3 minutes was developed which would yield 4 mm‐radius coagulo‐necrotic lesions if nanoparticles were present. Conclusion We have shown that the addition of nanoshells to native tissue, combined with a marginally ablative laser dose can generate ablative thermal lesions, and that the radial extent of the thermal lesions is strictly confined to within ∼4 mm of the optical fiber with sub‐millimeter uncertainty. This, in turn, suggests a means of precise tumor ablation with an ability to obviate damage to critical structures limited primarily by the precision with which the optical fiber applicator can be placed. In so doing, it should be possible to realize a precise, nerve bundle and urethra sparing prostate cancer treatment using a minimally invasive, percutaneous approach. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:213–220, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.