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In vivo effects of low level laser therapy on inducible nitric oxide synthase
Author(s) -
Moriyama Yumi,
Nguyen Jacqueline,
Akens Margarete,
Moriyama Eduardo H.,
Lilge Lothar
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
lasers in surgery and medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1096-9101
pISSN - 0196-8092
DOI - 10.1002/lsm.20745
Subject(s) - nitric oxide synthase , nitric oxide , in vivo , low level laser therapy , continuous wave , chemistry , inflammation , gene expression , genetic enhancement , laser , medicine , endocrinology , biology , laser therapy , gene , biochemistry , optics , physics , microbiology and biotechnology
Background and Objective Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been demonstrated to modulate inflammatory processes with evidence suggesting that treatment protocol, such as wavelength, total energy, and number of treatments determine the clinical efficacy. In this study, the effects of LLLT mediated by different wavelengths and continuous versus pulsed delivery mode were quantified in a transgenic murine model with the luciferase gene under control of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Study Design/Materials and Methods LLLT modulated iNOS gene expressed in the acute Zymosan‐induced inflammation model is quantified using transgenic mice (FVB/N‐Tg(iNOS‐luc)). Here an energy density of 5 J cm −2 at either 635, 660, 690, and 905 nm in continuous wave mode and at 905 nm for short pulse delivery were evaluated. Age of the animals was determined as additional modulating the inflammatory response and the LLLT efficacy for some treatment protocols. Results Animals younger than 15 weeks showed mostly reduction of iNOS expression, while older animals showed increased iNOS expression for some LLLT protocols. Intensity and time course of inducible nitric oxide expression was found to not only depend on wavelength, but also on the mode of delivery, continuous, or pulsed irradiation. Conclusion LLLT exhibit different effects in induced inflammatory process according to different wavelengths and wave mode. Upregulation of iNOS gene following 905 nm pulsed wave suggests a different mechanism in activating the inflammatory pathway response when compared to the continuous wave. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:227–231, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.