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The anti‐inflammatory mechanism of 635 nm light‐emitting‐diode irradiation compared with existing COX inhibitors
Author(s) -
Lim Wonbong,
Lee SungGa,
Kim Inae,
Chung Mina,
Kim Misook,
Lim Hoisoon,
Park Jinsoo,
Kim Okjoon,
Choi Hongran
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
lasers in surgery and medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1096-9101
pISSN - 0196-8092
DOI - 10.1002/lsm.20533
Subject(s) - phospholipase a2 , chemistry , cyclooxygenase , arachidonic acid , prostaglandin e2 , oxidative stress , prostaglandin , phospholipase a , reactive oxygen species , ibuprofen , pharmacology , western blot , microbiology and biotechnology , enzyme , biochemistry , medicine , biology , endocrinology , gene
Background and Objectives Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) protects cells against cell injury in specific pathophysiological situations: inflammation and oxidative stress. Although the anti‐inflammatory effects have been reported in clinical fields for specific wavelength irradiation during wound healing, the physiological mechanism has not been clarified yet. The aim of the present study is to investigate the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of 635 nm light‐emitting‐diode (LED) irradiation compared with existing COX inhibitors. Study Design/Materials and Methods The present study investigated anti‐inflammatory effects of 635 nm irradiation on PGE 2 release, COX and phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) dissociation in arachidonic acid (AA)‐treated human gingival fibroblast (hGF). These results were compared with their existing COX inhibitors: indomethacin and ibuprofen. The PGE 2 release was measured by enzyme immunoassay, the COX expression was measured by western blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and ROS level was measured by flow cytometry, laser scanning confocal microscope and RT‐PCR. Results Results showed that 635 nm irradiation and existing COX inhibitors inhibit expression of COX and PGE 2 release. Unlike indomethacin and ibuprofen, 635 nm irradiation leads to a decrease of ROS levels and mRNA expression of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ) and secretary phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2 ). Conclusion Taken together, 635 nm irradiation, unlike indomethacin and ibuprofen, can directly dissociate the ROS. This inhibits cPLA 2 , sPLA 2 , and COX expression, and results in the inhibition of PGE 2 release. Thus, we suggest that 635 nm irradiation inhibits PGE 2 synthesis like COX inhibitor and appears to be useful as an anti‐inflammatory tool. Lesers Surg. Med. 39:614–621, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.