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Evaluation of cryogen spray cooling exposure on in vitro model human skin
Author(s) -
Kao Bunsho,
Kelly Kristen M.,
Aguilar Guillermo,
Hosaka Yoshiaki,
Barr Ronald J.,
Nelson J. Stuart
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
lasers in surgery and medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1096-9101
pISSN - 0196-8092
DOI - 10.1002/lsm.10245
Subject(s) - in vitro , biomedical engineering , materials science , medicine , chemistry , biochemistry
Background and Objectives Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is commonly used during dermatologic laser surgery. The epidermal and dermal effects of CSC have not been adequately evaluated. To study the potential for epidermal and dermal injury after CSC using an in vitro model of human skin (RAFT). Study Design/Materials and Methods RAFT specimens were exposed to continuous CSC spurt durations of 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, 200, or 500 milliseconds. Biopsies were taken acutely, 3 and 7 days post‐CSC exposure. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for evaluation of possible injury, Ki‐67 to determine keratinocyte viability, and Melan‐A, to identify and evaluate melanocytes. Results Minimal, transient epidermal changes were noted in specimens exposed to continuous CSC spurts of 80 milliseconds or less. Keratinocytes and melanocytes remained viable. Continuous CSC spurts of 100, 200, or 500 milliseconds (much longer than recommended for clinical use) resulted in significant epidermal injury acutely, with partial or full thickness epidermal necrosis at 7 days. Only the 500 milllisecond specimen demonstrated dermal change, decreased fibroblast proliferation at 3 days. Conclusions Continuous CSC spurts of 80 milliseconds or less induce minimal, if any, epidermal or dermal damage and are unlikely to produce cryo‐injury when used during dermatologic laser surgery. Lasers Surg. Med. 34:146–154, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.