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Layer‐Dependent Electronic and Optical Properties of 2D Black Phosphorus: Fundamentals and Engineering
Author(s) -
Zhang Guowei,
Huang Shenyang,
Wang Fanjie,
Yan Hugen
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
laser and photonics reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.778
H-Index - 116
eISSN - 1863-8899
pISSN - 1863-8880
DOI - 10.1002/lpor.202000399
Subject(s) - phosphorene , semiconductor , van der waals force , materials science , photoluminescence , monolayer , optoelectronics , heterojunction , dielectric , graphene , band gap , black phosphorus , nanotechnology , chemical physics , condensed matter physics , chemistry , physics , molecule , organic chemistry
In 2D materials, the quantum confinement and van der Waals‐type interlayer interactions largely govern the fundamental electronic and optical properties, and the dielectric screening plays a dominant role in the excitonic properties. This suggests strongly layer‐dependent properties and a central topic is to characterize and control the interlayer interactions in 2D materials and heterostructures. Black phosphorus is an emerging 2D semiconductor with unusually strong interlayer interactions and widely tunable direct bandgaps from the monolayer to the bulk, offering an ideal platform to probe the layer‐dependent properties and the crossover from 2D to 3D (i.e., the scaling effects). In this review, a comprehensive and thorough summary of the fundamental physical properties of black phosphorus is presented, with a special focus on the layer‐dependence character, including the electronic band structures, optical absorption and photoluminescence, and excitonic properties, as well as the band structure engineering by means of electrical gating, strain, and electrochemical intercalation. Finally, an outlook is given for the future research.