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Ultra‐low loss waveguide platform and its integration with silicon photonics
Author(s) -
Heck Martijn J. R.,
Bauters Jared F.,
Davenport Michael L.,
Spencer Daryl T.,
Bowers John E.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
laser and photonics reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.778
H-Index - 116
eISSN - 1863-8899
pISSN - 1863-8880
DOI - 10.1002/lpor.201300183
Subject(s) - photonics , silicon photonics , photonic integrated circuit , waveguide , optoelectronics , materials science , electronic circuit , integration platform , bandwidth (computing) , insertion loss , photodetector , amplifier , integrated circuit , silicon , optics , electronic engineering , computer science , telecommunications , physics , electrical engineering , engineering , cmos , database
Planar waveguides with ultra‐low optical propagation loss enable a plethora of passive photonic integrated circuits, such as splitters and combiners, filters, delay lines, and components for advanced modulation formats. An overview is presented of the status of the field of ultra‐low loss waveguides and circuits, including the design, the trade‐off between bend radius and loss, and fabrication rationale. The characterization methods to accurately measure such waveguides are discussed. Some typical examples of device and circuit applications are presented. An even wider range of applications becomes possible with the integration of active devices, such as lasers, amplifiers, modulators and photodetectors, on such an ultra‐low loss waveguide platform. A summary of efforts to integrate silicon nitride and silica‐based low‐loss waveguides with silicon and III/V based photonics, either hybridly or heterogeneously, will be presented. The approach to combine these integration technologies heterogeneously on a single silicon substrate is discussed and an application example of a high‐bandwidth receiver is shown.