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Femtosecond pulse written fiber gratings: a new avenue to integrated fiber technology
Author(s) -
Thomas J.,
Voigtländer C.,
Becker R.G.,
Richter D.,
Tünnermann A.,
Nolte S.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
laser and photonics reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.778
H-Index - 116
eISSN - 1863-8899
pISSN - 1863-8880
DOI - 10.1002/lpor.201100033
Subject(s) - fiber bragg grating , optics , materials science , phosfos , femtosecond , fiber laser , photonic crystal fiber , fiber , ultrashort pulse , graded index fiber , pulse (music) , laser , femtosecond pulse shaping , long period fiber grating , grating , optoelectronics , optical fiber , fiber optic sensor , physics , detector , composite material
The use of ultrashort laser pulses for fiber grating inscription has many advantages in comparison to continuous wave and long pulse lasers. The most important one is that it allows inscription in nonphotosensitive fiber materials. In this paper the principal inscription techniques and the physical properties of femtosecond (fs) pulse written in‐fiber gratings are reviewed. The role of focusing and order walk‐off on the inscribed structures is emphasized. A fs pulse written fiber Bragg grating (FBG) also has a unique coupling behavior, due to a refractive index change that is independent from the fiber geometry. Selected applications of such gratings for sensing and fiber lasers are discussed.