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Sources of heavy metal pollution in the rhine basin
Author(s) -
Rautengarten A.
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
land degradation and development
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.403
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 1099-145X
pISSN - 1085-3278
DOI - 10.1002/ldr.3400040417
Subject(s) - pollution , environmental science , pollutant , structural basin , deposition (geology) , nonpoint source pollution , environmental engineering , environmental protection , hydrology (agriculture) , geology , geomorphology , ecology , chemistry , geotechnical engineering , organic chemistry , biology
The concept of industrial metabolism is introduced as an analytical framework for many diffuse sources of pollution for which ‘end of pipe’ control will not work and pollution prevention at the source is required. the concept is applied to pollution in the Rhine Basin which ends up in the Netherlands Delta and the North Sea, where the character of the pollutants changes over time. Cadmium, lead and zinc pollution from point sources, traffic, corrosion and atmospheric deposition are considered. Calculations cover the period from 1950 to 2010. in this study strongly urbanized paved and unpaved areas are distinguished based on their transport of pollutants to surface waters.