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Trends in Operative Complex Middle and Upper Maxillofacial Trauma: A 17‐Year Study
Author(s) -
Su Peiyi,
Paquet Christian,
O'Dell Karla,
Reinstadler David,
Kokot Niels,
Granzow Jay,
Chambers Tamara N.,
Kochhar Amit
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
the laryngoscope
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.181
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1531-4995
pISSN - 0023-852X
DOI - 10.1002/lary.29442
Subject(s) - medicine , facial trauma , trauma center , retrospective cohort study , demographics , poison control , injury prevention , injury severity score , oral and maxillofacial surgery , surgery , dentistry , emergency medicine , demography , sociology
Objectives/Hypothesis Over 3 million incidents of facial trauma occur each year in the United States. This study aims to determine trends in operative middle and upper maxillofacial trauma in one of the largest US cities. Study Design Retrospective case‐control study. Methods Retrospective chart review of all operative middle and upper maxillofacial trauma from July 1993 to July 2010 presenting to Los Angeles County Hospital, a Level I Trauma Center. Data included demographics, mechanism of injury, and fracture characteristics. Results Analysis was performed for a total of 4,299 patients and 5,549 facial fractures. Mean patient age was 34.6, and most patients were male (88%). Between the two time periods (1993–2001 and 2002–2010), there was a 42% reduction in operative maxillofacial trauma (3,510 to 2,039). Orbital floor and zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures were the most prevalent types of fractures. Panfacial fractures demonstrated the largest reduction in number of fractures (325 to 5, P <0.01). Assault and motor vehicle accidents (MVA) were the two most common mechanisms of injury. Operative fractures due to MVAs decreased (390 to 214, P = .74), whereas fractures due to assault increased (749 to 800, P <0.01). Compared to adults, pediatric facial trauma (age < 18) were caused by a higher percentage of MVAs (27% vs. 13%), auto versus pedestrian (9% vs. 5%), and gunshot wounds (8% vs. 4%) ( P <0.01). Conclusions Operative middle and upper maxillofacial trauma decreased over a 17‐year period. Assault was the most significant mechanism of trauma overall. These trends suggest that focusing future prevention strategies on curtailing interpersonal violence may more effectively address the burden of facial trauma. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope , 131:1985–1989, 2021