Premium
Epidemiology and treatment trends for primary tracheal squamous cell carcinoma
Author(s) -
Hararah Mohammad K.,
Stokes William A.,
Oweida Ayman,
Patil Tejas,
Amini Arya,
Goddard Julie,
Bowles Daniel W.,
Karam Sana D.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
the laryngoscope
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.181
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1531-4995
pISSN - 0023-852X
DOI - 10.1002/lary.27994
Subject(s) - medicine , epidemiology , multivariate analysis , radiation therapy , surveillance, epidemiology, and end results , adjuvant , carcinoma , surgery , basal cell , oncology , gastroenterology , cancer registry
Objective Management of tracheal squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) has been complicated by the lack of prognostic data and staging. We describe the epidemiology of TSCC and current treatment approaches. Methods Five hundred thirty‐two adult patients with primary TSCC from 2004 to 2012 in the National Cancer Database were identified. Demographic, clinical factors, and 5‐year overall survival were analyzed. Staging was classified as localized, regional extension, and distant spread. Treatment modality was defined as “no treatment (NT),” “limited surgery (LS),” “curative surgery (CS),” “LS with any adjuvant therapy (AT) (LS+AT),” “CS with AT (CS+AT),” “radiation therapy (RT),” or “chemoradiation (CRT).” Results Overall survival was 25%. Majority of cases were males, white, and occurred in sixth/seventh decades. Twenty‐six percent of cases received CRT, 20% underwent LS+AT or CS+AT, 20% underwent LS or CS only, and 17% underwent RT alone. On multivariate analysis, CS (HR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.26–0.69), CS+AT (HR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.36–0.77), CRT (HR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.35–0.67), and RT (HR, 0.66 95% CI: 0.46–0.94) were associated with decreased likelihood of death compared to NT. Elderly patients and those with poor performance status had worse outcomes even on multivariate analysis. Conclusions TSCC is increasingly treated with surgery and systemic therapy in addition to RT, with improved survival outcomes. CS, CS+AT, CRT, or RT provided improved survival advantage in patients with variable levels of improvement based on the extent of the disease. Prospective trials would help differentiate survival advantages between treatment modalities. Patients’ goals of care, comorbidities, and age should be considered when deciding appropriate treatment recommendations. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope , 130:405–412, 2020