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Racial disparities in tumor features and outcomes of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil
Author(s) -
Albert Ashley,
Giri Shankar,
Kanakamedala Madhava,
Mangana Sophy,
Bhanat Eldrin,
Shenoy Veena,
Thomas Toms Vengaloor,
Joseph Sanjay,
Gonzalez Maria,
Shalaby Akram,
Vijayakumar Srinivasan
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
the laryngoscope
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.181
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1531-4995
pISSN - 0023-852X
DOI - 10.1002/lary.27395
Subject(s) - medicine , hazard ratio , confidence interval , proportional hazards model , stage (stratigraphy) , tonsil , cohort , oncology , cancer , gastroenterology , surgery , paleontology , biology
Objective To identify differences in 3‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) based on race in patients with tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 80 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil treated between 2006 and 2015. Overall survival and DFS curves comparing white and black patients were generated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Cox regression was used to determine covariables associated with OS and DFS. Results Forty‐one percent of the patients in this cohort were black and 59% were white. Three‐year OS for black patients was 45.5% versus 88.1% for white patients ( P = 0.003). Three‐year DFS for black patients was 41.1% versus 66.6% in white patients ( P = 0.001). Black race (hazard ratio [HR] 4.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48–15.6, P = 0.009) and lack of insurance (HR 9.50, 95% CI 2.92–13.0, P < 0.009) were independently associated with worse OS on multivariable analysis. Black patients were more likely to have high‐risk tumor features. Black patients with stage IV disease (American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition) had decreased OS as compared to white patients, 41.4% versus 82.1% ( P = 0.005). There was a trend toward worse OS in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative black patients compared to HPV‐negative white patients. Uninsured black patient experienced worse OS than white patients without insurance, 22.2% versus 68.1%, respectively ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Significant racial disparities were found in presentation, tumor, and nodal characteristics, as well as in outcomes in this group of patients with tonsillar cancer. The difference in HPV‐associated tonsillar cancer is likely the primary cause of these disparities, but other factors may also contribute to inferior outcomes in black patients. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope , 129:643–654, 2019