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Patterns of concurrent cigarette, alcohol, and e‐cigarette use: Off‐setting or additive behaviors?
Author(s) -
Parikh Anuraag S.,
Bhattacharyya Neil
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
the laryngoscope
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.181
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1531-4995
pISSN - 0023-852X
DOI - 10.1002/lary.27133
Subject(s) - medicine , everyday life , electronic cigarette , alcohol , environmental health , demography , gerontology , biology , pathology , sociology , political science , law , biochemistry
Objectives To understand nationwide concurrent use of e‐cigarettes (Ecig) with alcohol and conventional cigarettes (Ccig), the major risk factors for head and neck cancer. Study Design Cross‐sectional analysis of nationally representative survey. Methods The National Health Interview Surveys for 2014 and 2015 were analyzed for adult responses to specific questions regarding the daily frequency of alcohol, Ccig, and Ecig use. Statistical relationships between these social habits were determined. Results A total of 241.1 million adults (raw N = 162,048) were surveyed (mean age 47.1 years, 51.8% female). Of those, 12.1% (29.2 million) and 3.8% (9.08 million) reported being every day Ccig users and some days Ccig users, respectively. A total of 2.3% (5.63 million) and 1.1% (2.76 million) reported being every day Ecig users and some days Ecig users, respectively. In addition, 58.4% of everyday Ecig users reported also being everyday Ccig users ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, 25.6% (61.3 million) and 8.3% (20.0 million) of adults reported light drinking (1–3 drinks/week) and moderate/heavy drinking (4–7 drinks/week), respectively. Of the moderate/heavy drinkers, 17.7% were everyday Ccig users, whereas 12.2% of everyday Ccig users were moderate/heavy drinkers ( P < 0.001). Among everyday Ecig users, 34.6% and 11.2% were light drinkers and moderate/heavy drinkers, respectively ( P < 0.001). Among non‐Ccig users, everyday Ecig users were likely to consume higher levels of alcohol given that 36.5% and 8.9% were light drinkers and moderate/heavy drinkers, respectively ( P < 0.01). Conclusion We demonstrate a substantial level of Ccig use among moderate/heavy drinkers and Ecig users, as well as a novel independent association between Ecig and moderate/heavy alcohol use. These patterns of concurrent risk factor exposure should be considered when counseling patients who report Ecig use. Level of Evidence 2b. Laryngoscope , 1817–1821, 2018