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Pediatric acute mastoiditis in the era of pneumococcal vaccination
Author(s) -
Tawfik Kareem O.,
Ishman Stacey L.,
Tabangin Meredith E.,
Altaye Mekibib,
MeinzenDerr Jareen,
Choo Daniel I.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
the laryngoscope
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.181
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1531-4995
pISSN - 0023-852X
DOI - 10.1002/lary.26968
Subject(s) - medicine , pediatrics , pneumococcal vaccination , mastoiditis , vaccination , pneumococcal vaccine , retrospective cohort study , streptococcus pneumoniae , surgery , otitis , antibiotics , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , immunology
Objectives/Hypothesis The objective was to describe trends in the annual prevalence of hospitalization for pediatric acute mastoiditis since introduction of the 7‐valent pneumococcal vaccine in 2000 and the 13‐valent vaccine in 2010. Study Design Cross‐sectional retrospective data analysis. Methods The Kids' Inpatient Database from years 2000 to 2012 was analyzed. To determine the annual prevalence of hospitalization for acute mastoiditis, nationally weighted frequencies of hospitalization for children <21 years with acute mastoiditis diagnoses were collected. Trend analysis of hospitalization rates from 2000 to ‐2012 was performed. Results From 2000 to 2012, there was no significant trend in hospitalization rates for acute mastoiditis overall (1.38 and 1.43 per 100,000 persons in 2000 and 2012, respectively; P = .86) or by age group. When comparing hospitalization rates at time points 2000 and 2012, children <1 year (4.65 and 3.27 per 100,000 persons, P = .0023) and 1 to 2 years of age (3.95 and 3.18 per 100,000 persons, respectively; P = .0107) demonstrated declines in hospitalization over time. Between 2009 and 2012, hospitalization rates also significantly declined for children aged <1 year (4.50 to 3.27 per 100,000 persons, P = .0056) and 1 to 2 years (4.30 to 3.18 per 100,000 persons, P = .0002) but increased for children 5 to 9 years (1.10 to 1.81 per 100,000 persons, P < .0001) and 10 to 20 years of age (0.41 to 0.72 per 100,000 persons, P < .0001). Conclusions Despite introduction of two pneumococcal vaccines, rates of hospitalization for pediatric acute mastoiditis did not decline between 2000 and 2012. Between 2009 and 2012, however, children 0 to 2 years of age showed declining hospitalization rates, possibly reflecting the protective benefit of the 13‐valent pneumococcal vaccine. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope , 128:1480–1485, 2018