Results of pediatric tympanoplasty on short‐term surgical missions

Objectives/Hypothesis To determine the safety and effectiveness of pediatric tympanoplasty performed on short‐term international medical missions. Study Design Prospective observational study. Methods Ethiopian children who had dry or nearly dry tympanic perforations and bilateral conductive hearing losses underwent postauricular tympanoplasties with underlain temporalis fascia grafts. Pre‐ and postoperative air and bone audiometry was performed. Complications, graft success, hearing improvement, and dry ear at 6‐month follow‐up were evaluated. Results Patients were 7 to 25 years old (24 female ears, 20 male ears). The majority had subtotal perforations. Operative findings included ossicular erosions and fixation by hypertrophic mucosa. There were no major medical complications or deaths in this series. Of 44 ears, 27 had complete pre‐ and postoperative audiometric data. Twenty‐four of 44 surgeries resulted in an intact tympanic membrane. Twelve of 44 markedly reduced the perforation. Eight of 44 grafts failed. The mean improvement in PTA was 14 dB (range = −6–45 dB). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ patients had a high rate of graft failure (3/4) and comprised 38% (3/8) of complete graft failures ( P  = .015). Among the 20 ears with residual perforations, 14 were dry at 6‐month follow‐up. Of the six ears with drainage, three were HIV+ ( P  = .019). Conclusions Pediatric tympanoplasty is a safe procedure in a short‐term surgical mission setting when high anesthetic and surgical standards are maintained. Surgical results were similar to those found in developing‐world university hospitals, but were worse than in United States or European series. HIV+ children did worse than their HIV−/unknown peers, with a high rate of graft failure and persistent otorrhea. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope , 126:1464–1469, 2016