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Systematic review of site of obstruction identification and non‐ CPAP treatment options for children with persistent pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Author(s) -
Manickam P. Vairavan,
Shott Sally R.,
Boss Emily F.,
Cohen Aliza P.,
MeinzenDerr Jareen K.,
Amin Raouf S.,
Ishman Stacey L.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the laryngoscope
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.181
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1531-4995
pISSN - 0023-852X
DOI - 10.1002/lary.25459
Subject(s) - medicine , tonsillectomy , obstructive sleep apnea , glossectomy , cinahl , population , sleep apnea , pediatrics , tongue , surgery , psychological intervention , pathology , environmental health , psychiatry
Objectives/Hypothesis Although adenotonsillectomy is accepted as a first‐line therapy for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), there is currently no consensus regarding optimal methods for identifying the sites of obstruction or treatment of children with persistent disease after surgery. With this in mind, our aim was to systematically review the English‐language literature pertaining to these issues. Study Design Systematic review. Methods We searched all indexed years of Pubmed, Cochrane CENTRAL, DynaMed, UpToDate, CINAHL, and Scopus for English‐language articles containing original human data, with ≥ 7 participants, all < 18 years old. Data regarding study design, demographics, clinical characteristics/outcomes, level of evidence, and risk of bias were obtained. Articles were independently reviewed by two investigators. Results Of 758 identified abstracts, 24 articles (combined population = 960) were ultimately included. Seventeen (71%) described methods to identify site(s) of obstruction: drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (11/24), cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (3/24), and alternative imaging (3/24). Treatment options included lingual tonsillectomy (n = 6), with success rates of 57% to 88% (Cohen's effect size d = 1.38), as well as supraglottoplasty (n = 4), with success rates of 58% to 72% (d = 0.64). Additional treatments included medications and surgery (e.g., partial midline glossectomy and tongue suspension). Conclusions Drug‐induced sleep endoscopy and cine MRI are the most commonly reported tools to identify sites of obstruction for children with persistent OSA; however, these techniques have not yet been clearly linked to outcomes. Evidence for treatment is extremely limited and focuses primarily on lingual tonsillectomy and supraglottoplasty. Also, reports regarding appropriate patient selection and outcomes in obese or otherwise healthy children are scant. Laryngoscope , 126:491–500, 2016