Premium
The association between secondhand smoke and sleep‐disordered breathing in children: A systematic review
Author(s) -
Jara Sebastian M.,
Benke James R.,
Lin Sandra Y.,
Ishman Stacey L.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the laryngoscope
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.181
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1531-4995
pISSN - 0023-852X
DOI - 10.1002/lary.24833
Subject(s) - polysomnography , medicine , obstructive sleep apnea , secondhand smoke , sleep disordered breathing , population , sleep medicine , physical therapy , cochrane library , breathing , pediatrics , meta analysis , sleep disorder , apnea , psychiatry , environmental health , insomnia
Objective To systematically review existing literature on the association between secondhand smoke and sleep‐disordered breathing in children. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus. Review Methods Inclusion criteria included English‐language papers containing original human data, with seven or more subjects and age <18 years. Data were systematically collected on study design, patient demographics, clinical characteristics/outcomes, and level of evidence. Two investigators independently reviewed all manuscripts. Results The initial search yielded 72 abstracts; 18 articles were ultimately included with a total study population of 47,462 patients. Fifteen (83%) articles found a statistically significant association between secondhand smoke and sleep‐disordered breathing. All were case‐control studies. Quality of articles based on the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale averaged 5.8/9 stars. Secondhand smoke was characterized by serum cotinine testing in only two (11%) studies. Sleep‐disordered breathing was quantified by polysomnography in only four (22%) of the studies and only one (6%) classified subject using polysomnography exclusively. Habitual snoring was the most common form of sleep‐disordered breathing studied in 14/18 (78%) studies, whereas obstructive sleep apnea was reported in one (6%) study and sleep‐related hypoxia in another (6%) study. Conclusions Although the majority of studies included in this review found a significant association between secondhand smoke and sleep‐disordered breathing, all of them were evidence level 3b, for an overall grade of B (Oxford Centre for Evidence‐based Medicine). Further higher‐quality studies should be performed in the future to better evaluate the relationship between second‐ smoke and sleep‐disordered breathing in children. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope , 125:241–247, 2015