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Olfaction‐associated quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis: Adaptation and validation of an olfaction‐specific questionnaire
Author(s) -
Simopoulos Efthimios,
Katotomichelakis Michael,
Gouveris Haralampos,
Tripsianis Gregory,
Livaditis Miltos,
Danielides Vassilios
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
the laryngoscope
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.181
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1531-4995
pISSN - 0023-852X
DOI - 10.1002/lary.23349
Subject(s) - medicine , olfaction , quality of life (healthcare) , chronic rhinosinusitis , reliability (semiconductor) , anosmia , beck depression inventory , anxiety , clinical psychology , psychiatry , psychology , disease , power (physics) , physics , nursing , covid-19 , quantum mechanics , neuroscience , infectious disease (medical specialty)
Objectives/Hypothesis: To detect validity and reliability of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD) compared to other quality‐of‐life (QoL) questionnaires, to explore its ability to reflect olfaction‐related QoL changes, and to investigate age‐ and gender‐related effects of olfactory changes on QOD results. Study Design: Prospective clinical study. Methods: One hundred two patients (56 males, 46 females; mean age, 41.15 ± 16.31 years), suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis, whose olfactory function was measured using Sniffin' Sticks test were studied. All patients completed three validated general health‐related QoL questionnaires (Short Form‐36 Health Survey [SF‐36], Beck Depression Inventory [BDI], and Zung anxiety scale), and the olfaction‐related QOD. Results: Internal consistency and test‐retest reliability for the QOD was high. Convergent validity assessment showed statistically significant negative correlations of the QOD and the QOD‐negative statements (NS) with overall SF‐36 score ( P < .05 for all groups) and positive correlations of the same scores with BDI and Zung ( P < .001). The QOD‐positive statements (PS) was positively correlated to SF‐36. Discriminative validity demonstrated statistically significant differences of the QOD and QOD‐NS scores between all groups of patients (normosmics, hyposmics, anosmics; all pairwise comparisons, P < .001). The QOD‐PS score was significantly higher in normosmics and hyposmics compared to anosmics. Patients' age was negatively correlated with the QOD‐PS, whereas it was positively correlated with BDI ( P < .001) and Zung ( P = .007). Females presented significantly higher scores in the QOD, QOD‐NS, BDI, and Zung (all P < .001) compared to males. Conclusions: The QOD proved to be a valid, reliable, and easy‐to‐use method of assessment of olfaction‐related QoL with high specificity and sensitivity. Laryngoscope, 2012