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Lanthanum ion–impregnated granular activated carbon for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution: Equilibrium and kinetic study
Author(s) -
Achari Velayudhanachari Sivanandan,
Lopez Raichel Mary,
Jayasree Sanjeevapai,
Rajalakshmi Aliyath Somasekaran
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
international journal of chemical kinetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.341
H-Index - 68
eISSN - 1097-4601
pISSN - 0538-8066
DOI - 10.1002/kin.21245
Subject(s) - chemistry , adsorption , freundlich equation , aqueous solution , activated carbon , langmuir , langmuir adsorption model , phenol , monolayer , titration , carbon fibers , nuclear chemistry , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , composite number , materials science , biochemistry , composite material
The current study discusses application of the lanthanum ions (La 3+ ) as an activating agent incorporated /immobilized into coconut shell–based granular activated carbon (GAC) for porosity development; subsequently, the carbon material is used for the adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions. The new carbons were characterized using FTIR, XRD, CHNO, burn off, and carbon yield. The surface functional groups were determined by Boehm titration. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of the carbons is 953 m 2 g −1 (GACLa1073), 997 m 2 g −1 (GAC383), and 973 m 2 g −1 (GACO383). Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and John–Sivanandan Achari (J‐SA) isotherm models on the equilibrium isotherm data were examined for the new carbon‐phenol system. It is found that the Langmuir isotherm fits better with a monolayer adsorption capacity, highest for GACLa1073 (387.59 mg g −1 ) followed by GAC383 (303.03 mg g −1 ) and GACO383 (197.62 mg g −1 ). Kinetic studies reveal that the adsorption system follows the pseudo–second‐order kinetic model. Isotherm analysis by the phase change method of John‐Sivanandan Achari (J‐SA) isotherm gives a better insight into adsorption phenomena, which is accompanied by regeneration studies of carbon with >75% for GACLa1073 after three cycles.