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Phenolysis and aminolysis of 4‐nitrophenyl and 2,4‐dinitrophenyl S‐methyl thiocarbonates in aqueous ethanol
Author(s) -
Castro Enrique A.,
Aliaga Margarita E.,
Cepeda Marjorie,
Santos José G.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
international journal of chemical kinetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.341
H-Index - 68
eISSN - 1097-4601
pISSN - 0538-8066
DOI - 10.1002/kin.20562
Subject(s) - chemistry , aminolysis , nucleophile , alicyclic compound , aqueous solution , medicinal chemistry , reaction rate constant , solvent , concerted reaction , solvolysis , tetrahedral carbonyl addition compound , solvent effects , organic chemistry , kinetics , catalysis , physics , quantum mechanics , hydrolysis
Abstract The reactions of S ‐methyl O ‐(4‐nitrophenyl) thiocarbonate ( 1 ) and S ‐methyl O ‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl) thiocarbonate ( 2 ) with a series of secondary alicyclic (SA) amines and phenols are subjected to a kinetic investigation. Under nucleophile excess, pseudo‐first‐order rate coefficients ( k obs ) are obtained. Plots of k obs against the free nucleophile concentration at constant pH are linear with slopes k N . The Brønsted plots (log k N vs. nucleophile p K a ) for the reactions are linear with slope (β) values in the 0.5–0.7 range, in accordance with concerted mechanisms. Comparison of the SA aminolysis of 1 with the same one carried out in water shows that the change of solvent from water to aqueous ethanol destabilizes the zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate, changing the mechanism from stepwise to concerted. This destabilization is greater than that due to the change from SA amines to quinuclidines. For the phenolysis reactions, the k N values in aqueous ethanol are smaller than those for the same reactions in water. Considering that the nucleophile is an anion, this result is unexpected because the anion should be more stabilized in the more polar solvent. This result is explained by the facts that the phenoxide reactant has a negative charge that is delocalized in the aromatic ring and the transition state is highly polar. © 2011 Wiley Peiodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 353–358, 2011