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Mediastinal Masses in Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound ‐ Retrospective Analysis of 58 Cases
Author(s) -
Trenker Corinna,
Dietrich Christoph Frank,
Holland Angélique,
Schulte Frank,
Michel Christian,
Görg Christian
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of ultrasound in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 91
eISSN - 1550-9613
pISSN - 0278-4297
DOI - 10.1002/jum.15479
Subject(s) - medicine , ultrasound , contrast enhanced ultrasound , histology , biopsy , radiology , nuclear medicine , pathology
Objectives To determine contrast enhancing features of mediastinal masses (ML) using transcutaneous contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Methods Retrospective analysis of n = 58 patients with histologically confirmed ML, which were examined in the period from October 2005 to February 2018 using transcutaneous B‐mode ultrasound and CEUS. In n = 29 (50%) histological confirmation was performed by ultrasound guided core‐needle biopsy. The lesions were evaluated using CEUS in regard to the enhancement pattern (hyper‐, iso‐, hypoenhancement, non‐enhancement, homogenous, inhomogenous) compared to enhancement of the spleen as an in vivo reference. Results N = 53 (91.4%) of ML were malignant (m) (lymphoma n = 36, metastasis n = 11, thymoma n = 2, teratoma n = 1, sarcoma n = 2, seminoma n = 1). In n = 5 (8.6%) cases there was a benign (b) histology (thyroid tissue n = 2, thymus residue n = 1, ganglioneurinoma n = 1, scar tissue: n = 1). In ultrasound, n = 53 (91.4%; (48 = m, 5 = b)) were hypoechoic, n = 5 (8.6%, (5 = m,0 = b)) hyperechoic. In CEUS, n = 35 lesions presented an arterial isoenhancement (60.3%; 33 = m, 2 = b). An arterial hypoenhancement had n = 21 (36.2%, (20 = m,1 = b)), and no enhancement showed n = 2 (3.5%, (0 = m, 2 = b) of the ML. A parenchymal isoenhancement was observed in n = 1 (1.7%, (1 = m, 0 = b)), a hypoenhancement in n = 54 (93.1%; 51 = m, 3 = b) of the patients and almost no enhancement in n = 3 ML (5.2%, (1 = m, 2 = b).) The enhancement was homogeneous in n = 26 (44.8%, (25 = m,1 = b)) cases, in n = 31 (53.5%, (28 = m,3 = b)) inhomogeneous and n = 1 (1.7%) benign lesion was exclusively cystic. Conclusion In CEUS, mediastinal tumor formations showed variable arterial enhancement, followed by parenchymal hypoenhancement (wash‐out).