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Ultrasound Features of Fetal Anemia Lessons From Hemoglobin Bart Disease
Author(s) -
Thammavong Keooudone,
Luewan Suchaya,
Wanapirak Chanane,
Tongsong Theera
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of ultrasound in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 91
eISSN - 1550-9613
pISSN - 0278-4297
DOI - 10.1002/jum.15436
Subject(s) - medicine , hypervolemia , hydrops fetalis , anemia , hepatosplenomegaly , fetus , ultrasound , hematocrit , cardiology , heart failure , hemoglobin , heart disease , disease , pregnancy , radiology , blood volume , biology , genetics
Insights gained from this review are as follows: (1) Ultrasound is highly effective in early detection of fetal hemoglobin (Hb) Bart disease. (2) The most sensitive parameters in predicting Hb Bart anemia appear to be the cardiac diameter–to–thoracic diameter ratio, middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity, and placental thickness. (3) Several other ultrasound markers are helpful in increasing specificity, such as hepatosplenomegaly. (4) Hydrops fetalis is not a consequence of heart failure but rather of hypervolemia and high vascular permeability of fetuses, whereas heart failure is a very late consequence of a long‐standing overworked heart. (5) Management guidelines for fetuses at risk of Hb Bart disease are proposed.