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Z Score Reference Ranges of Fetal Cardiothoracic Diameter Ratio
Author(s) -
Sirilert Sirinart,
Tongprasert Fuanglada,
Srisupundit Kasemsri,
Tongsong Theera,
Luewan Suchaya
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of ultrasound in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 91
eISSN - 1550-9613
pISSN - 0278-4297
DOI - 10.1002/jum.14786
Subject(s) - medicine , nomogram , gestational age , fetus , gestation , biparietal diameter , nuclear medicine , reference range , reference values , pregnancy , obstetrics , head circumference , genetics , biology
Objective This study aims to establish the z score reference ranges of cardiothoracic diameter ratio (CTR) of normal fetuses from 14 to 40 weeks’ gestation. Method A cross‐sectional study was conducted on low‐risk singleton pregnancies with healthy fetuses. The CTR was performed using simple 2‐dimensional sonography on the typical fetal 4‐chamber view. The reference ranges were constructed according to gestational age (GA), biparietal diameter (BPD), and head circumference (HC) as independent variables based on the best‐fit models, both mean and standard deviation (SD). Results A total of 683 fetuses were measured for CTR. The best‐fit equations for the mean and SD as a function of GA, BPD, and HC are as follows: (1) CTR = 0.365 + 0.004 × GA in weeks (SD = 0.031 + 0.001 × GA); (2) CTR = 0.373 + 0.014 × BPD in cm (SD = 0.034 + 0.004 × BPD); and (3) CTR = 0.373 + 0.004 × HC in cm (SD = 0.032 + 0.001 × HC). The CTR was slightly increased with advanced GA, BPD, and HC. Conclusion Complete nomograms with z score reference ranges of CTR were established throughout pregnancy. These nomograms may be useful to detect cardiac abnormalities.