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Smoking in Vietnam combat veterans with post‐traumatic stress disorder
Author(s) -
Beckham Jean C.,
Roodman Allison A.,
Shipley Robert H.,
Hertzberg Michael A.,
Cunha Garry H.,
Kudler Harold S.,
Levin Edward D.,
Rose Jed E.,
Fairbank John A.
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
journal of traumatic stress
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.259
H-Index - 134
eISSN - 1573-6598
pISSN - 0894-9867
DOI - 10.1002/jts.2490080308
Subject(s) - depression (economics) , psychiatry , anxiety , traumatic stress , psychological intervention , clinical psychology , anxiety disorder , smoke , smoking cessation , medicine , acute stress disorder , psychology , physics , pathology , meteorology , economics , macroeconomics
The present study investigated smoking prevalence, smoking motives, demographic variables and psychological symptoms in 124 help‐seeking, male Vietnam combat veterans with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A high percentage of these veterans smoked (60%). Vietnam veterans with PTSD who smoked were more likely than those who did not smoke to report higher levels of PTSD symptoms, depression and trait anxiety. Increased depression was associated with increased automatic smoking. Smokers reported a high frequency of smoking in response to military memories. Implications for smoking interventions, cessation, and relapse prevention efforts are discussed.