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Psychological Intervention and Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Call to Action
Author(s) -
Stevens Natalie R.,
Miller Michelle L.,
Puetz AnnKathrin,
Padin Avelina C.,
Adams Natasia,
Meyer Danie J.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of traumatic stress
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.259
H-Index - 134
eISSN - 1573-6598
pISSN - 0894-9867
DOI - 10.1002/jts.22641
Subject(s) - psychoeducation , psychological intervention , randomized controlled trial , psychiatry , interpersonal psychotherapy , systematic review , pregnancy , medicine , intervention (counseling) , cognitive behavioral therapy , clinical psychology , exposure therapy , traumatic stress , psychology , medline , cognition , anxiety , surgery , biology , political science , law , genetics
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during pregnancy is a significant global mental health concern that affects up to 1 in 5 trauma‐exposed pregnant women and is associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and infant complications and health outcomes. This systematic literature review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, examined findings from studies of psychological interventions and treatments for prenatal PTSD to inform recommendations for future research. Relevant evidence was identified from reference reviews and electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar, PsychInfo, and Scopus). Included studies reported on the effect of nonpharmacological intervention or treatment of PTSD symptomatology delivered during pregnancy, with at least one postintervention follow‐up collected during pregnancy to assess prenatal treatment outcomes. The systematic review was augmented with a discussion of lower‐level evidence. Of the 954 articles screened, six peer‐reviewed, quantitative reports met the inclusion criteria and featured three empirically based interventions, including two randomized controlled trials: Two psychoeducation interventions for PTSD and one treatment study of interpersonal psychotherapy in trauma‐exposed pregnant women. Effect sizes for PTSD symptom change ranged from small to large, Cohen's d/ η p 2 = 0.16–0.78. No studies examined evidence‐based PTSD treatments (e.g., exposure therapy, cognitive processing therapy). A risk of bias assessment indicated variability in study quality. This review demonstrates that research on prenatal PTSD symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment is extremely limited despite a clear link between prenatal PTSD and perinatal complications. Early evidence supports further scientific inquiry into psychoeducation, psychotherapy treatments (e.g., exposure therapy), integrated prenatal care approaches, and community‐based approaches.