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Externalizing and Internalizing Subtypes of Posttraumatic Psychopathology and Anger Expression
Author(s) -
Castillo Diane T.,
Joseph Jeremy S.,
Tharp Andra T.,
C'de Baca Janet,
TorresSena Lorraine M.,
Qualls Clifford,
Miller Mark W.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of traumatic stress
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.259
H-Index - 134
eISSN - 1573-6598
pISSN - 0894-9867
DOI - 10.1002/jts.21886
Subject(s) - hostility , psychology , psychopathology , anger , clinical psychology , anxiety , irritability , aggression , anxiety disorder , borderline personality disorder , psychiatry
Subtypes of posttraumatic psychopathology were replicated and extended in 254 female veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cluster analyses on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐2 and Personality Psychopathology Five scales (Harkness, McNulty, & Ben‐Porath, [Harkness, A. R., 1995]) yielded internalizing and externalizing psychopathology dimensions, with a third low psychopathology group (simple PTSD). Externalizers were higher than the internalizers and the simple PTSD groups on the antisocial, substance, and aggression scales; internalizers were higher on depression and anxiety scales. Further validation included an independent measure of psychopathology to examine anger (Buss‐Durkee Hostility Inventory, [BDHI]; Buss & Durkee, [Buss, A. H., 1957]). Externalizers were higher on extreme behavioral anger scales (assault and verbal hostility); and externalizers and internalizers were higher than the simple PTSD subjects on other anger scales. Positive correlations between the BDHI scales and the PTSD symptom of “irritability and anger outbursts” were found across scales in the total sample (range: r = .19–.36), on the assault scale in externalizers ( r = .59), and the verbal hostility scale in both internalizers ( r = .30) and simple PTSD ( r = .37) groups, suggesting the broad utility of the symptom in the diagnosis. The results demonstrate the generalizability of the internalizing/externalizing typology to the female veteran population and highlight clinically relevant distinctions in anger expression within PTSD.