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Disorders of extreme stress: The empirical foundation of a complex adaptation to trauma
Author(s) -
van der Kolk Bessel A.,
Roth Susan,
Pelcovitz David,
Sunday Susanne,
Spinazzola Joseph
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
journal of traumatic stress
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.259
H-Index - 134
eISSN - 1573-6598
pISSN - 0894-9867
DOI - 10.1002/jts.20047
Subject(s) - somatization , psychology , interpersonal communication , psychopathology , comorbidity , clinical psychology , psychological resilience , somatization disorder , poison control , posttraumatic stress , psychiatry , psychotherapist , mental health , medicine , social psychology , environmental health
Children and adults exposed to chronic interpersonal trauma consistently demonstrate psychological disturbances that are not captured in the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. The DSM‐IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) Field Trial studied 400 treatment‐seeking traumatized individuals and 128 community residents and found that victims of prolonged interpersonal trauma, particularly trauma early in the life cycle, had a high incidence of problems with (a) regulation of affect and impulses, (b) memory and attention, (c) self‐perception, (d) interpersonal relations, (e) somatization, and (f) systems of meaning. This raises important issues about the categorical versus the dimensional nature of posttraumatic stress, as well as the issue of comorbidity in PTSD. These data invite further exploration of what constitutes effective treatment of the full spectrum of posttraumatic psychopathology.