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A human ecological approach to tourism interactions
Author(s) -
Fennell David A.,
Butler R. W.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
international journal of tourism research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.155
H-Index - 58
eISSN - 1522-1970
pISSN - 1099-2340
DOI - 10.1002/jtr.428
Subject(s) - tourism , ecotourism , ecology , perspective (graphical) , competition (biology) , conceptual framework , work (physics) , human resources , resource (disambiguation) , field (mathematics) , environmental resource management , neutrality , business , sociology , geography , economics , political science , management , engineering , computer science , biology , social science , mechanical engineering , computer network , mathematics , archaeology , artificial intelligence , pure mathematics , law
Building on the previous work of Budowski, Murphy and Butler, this paper develops a conceptual framework that examines tourism industry relationships from a human ecological perspective. In particular, predation, competition, neutrality and symbiosis are used to illustrate that tourism industry stakeholders (i.e., various types of tourism, operators, local people, and other land users) value and use resources differently and, in doing so, place varying levels of pressure on each other and the resource base. Human ecology is identified and discussed as a field of research that holds potential in strengthening our understanding of tourism's human ecological interactions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.