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Miniaturized active air sampling method for the analysis of tire rubber pollutants from indoor and outdoor places
Author(s) -
Armada Daniel,
Celeiro Maria,
MartinezFernandez Antia,
Nurerk Piyaluk,
Dagnac Thierry,
Llompart Maria
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of separation science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.72
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1615-9314
pISSN - 1615-9306
DOI - 10.1002/jssc.202001249
Subject(s) - sorbent , extraction (chemistry) , natural rubber , vulcanization , chromatography , plasticizer , solvent , environmental science , analyte , materials science , sample preparation , environmental chemistry , chemistry , composite material , adsorption , organic chemistry
An effective, quick, and sustainable air analysis method was developed to analyze 41 volatiles and semivolatile organic compounds present in tire rubber and crumb rubber materials. The proposed method, based on active sampling using a sorbent material followed by an ultrasound assisted extraction, was developed with the aim of obtaining a fast and simple procedure to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, plasticizers, antioxidants, and vulcanization agents in air. A small amount of sorbent (25 mg) was used, and the analytes were recovered in only 1 mL of solvent. An experimental design was applied to study the influence of main factors such as type of sorbent and type of solvent, extraction technique (ultrasound‐assisted extraction and vortex extraction), extraction time, as well as the factor interactions. Under optimal conditions, no breakthrough occurs in the studied interval (up to 4 m 3 ). Linearity was demonstrated in a wide concentration range. Accuracy of the total sampling‐extraction analysis was evaluated obtaining satisfactory recoveries as well as good precision. The method was successfully applied to different outdoor and indoor air environments, including a recycled rubber synthetic turf football pitch.