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Monitoring of the influence of long‐term oxidative stress and ischemia on the condition of kidneys using solid‐phase microextraction chemical biopsy coupled with liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Author(s) -
Stryjak Iga,
Warmuzińska Natalia,
Bogusiewicz Joanna,
Łuczykowski Kamil,
Bojko Barbara
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of separation science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.72
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1615-9314
pISSN - 1615-9306
DOI - 10.1002/jssc.202000032
Subject(s) - chromatography , mass spectrometry , solid phase microextraction , chemistry , metabolomics , sample preparation , gas chromatography–mass spectrometry , solid phase extraction
Abstract The limiting factor in conventional quality assessments of transplanted organs, namely the invasiveness of tissue sample collection, has prompted much research on the field of transplantology to focus on the development of alternative evaluation methods of organ quality. In the present project, we undertake the challenge to address the need for a new analytical solution for graft quality assessments by using a novel metabolomic diagnostic protocol based on low‐invasive solid‐phase microextraction. Solid‐phase microextraction probes of ca. 0.2 mm coated with 4 mm long mixed‐mode extraction phase were inserted into rabbit kidneys immediately following euthanasia and after 2, 4, 6, and 21 h of preservation. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the extracts was performed with the use of a reversed phase column and a Q‐Exactive Focus mass spectrometer operated in positive ionization mode. Statistical analysis of significantly changing compounds revealed metabolic profile changes in kidneys induced by ischemia and oxidative stress as a function of the duration of cold storage. The most pronounced alterations were reflected in levels of essential amino acids and purine nucleosides. Our findings demonstrate that the proposed approach may be successfully used to monitor changes in the metabolic profile of organs over time of preservation.