Extraction of acetanilide herbicides in naked oat ( Avena nuda L .) by using ionic‐liquid‐based matrix solid‐phase dispersion‐foam flotation solid‐phase extraction

The herbicides in naked oat ( Avena nuda L .) samples were extracted, separated, and determined by using ionic‐liquid‐based matrix solid‐phase dispersion‐solvent flotation coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography. The experimental parameters were optimized and evaluated by a univariate method and orthogonal experiment. A good linear relationship was obtained in the range of 5–5000 µg/kg, and the linear correlation coefficient are between 0.9989∼0.9993. The quantification limits for alachlor, metazachlor, propanil, acetochlor, pretilachlor, metolachlor, and butachlor are 5.03, 2.62, 2.73, 4.58, 7.28, 5.05, 5.78 µg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of the acetanilide herbicides at spiked concentrations of 10, 100, and 500 µg/kg ranged from 92.1 to 104.7%, and relative standard deviations were equal to or lower than 2.9%.