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In situ ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with ultra high performance liquid chromatography for determination of neonicotinoid insecticides in honey samples
Author(s) -
Yang Chong,
Ran Lu,
Xu Meilin,
Ren Dabing,
Yi Lunzhao
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of separation science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.72
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1615-9314
pISSN - 1615-9306
DOI - 10.1002/jssc.201801263
Subject(s) - ionic liquid , hexafluorophosphate , chromatography , extraction (chemistry) , solvent , neonicotinoid , chemistry , detection limit , bromide , high performance liquid chromatography , sample preparation , in situ , analytical chemistry (journal) , imidacloprid , pesticide , organic chemistry , agronomy , biology , catalysis
Abstract An efficient in situ ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography was developed to determine four neonicotinoid insecticides in wild and commercial honey samples. In this method, a hydrophobic ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, formed by in situ reaction between potassium hexafluorophosphate and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide in sample solution, was used as the extraction solvent. In comparison with the traditional dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method, the developed method required no dispersive solvent. To achieve high extraction efficiency and enrichment factor, the effects of various experimental parameters were studied in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.30–0.62 and 1.20–2.50 μg/L, respectively. The method showed high enrichment factors (74–115) with the recoveries between 81.0 and 103.4%. The proposed method was finally applied to different wild and commercial honey samples.