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Graphene/dodecanol floating solidification microextraction for the preconcentration of trace levels of cinnamic acid derivatives in traditional Chinese medicines
Author(s) -
Hu Shuang,
Yang Xiao,
Xue Jiao,
Chen Xuan,
Bai Xiaohong,
Yu Zhihui
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of separation science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.72
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1615-9314
pISSN - 1615-9306
DOI - 10.1002/jssc.201700169
Subject(s) - cinnamic acid , dodecanol , chromatography , graphene , chemistry , solid phase microextraction , trace (psycholinguistics) , organic chemistry , gas chromatography–mass spectrometry , materials science , nanotechnology , mass spectrometry , linguistics , philosophy
A novel graphene/dodecanol floating solidification microextraction followed by HPLC with diode‐array detection has been developed to extract trace levels of four cinnamic acid derivatives in traditional Chinese medicines. Several parameters affecting the performance were investigated and optimized. Also, possible microextraction mechanism was analyzed and discussed. Under the optimum conditions (amount of graphene in dodecanol: 0.25 mg/mL; volume of extraction phase: 70 μL; pH of sample phase: 3; extraction time: 30 min; stirring rate: 1000 rpm; salt amount: 26.5% NaCl; volume of sample phase: 10 mL, and without dispersant addition), the enrichment factors of four cinnamic acid derivatives ranged from 26 to 112, the linear ranges were 1.0 × 10 −2 –10.0 μg/mL for caffeic acid, 1.3 × 10 −3 –1.9 μg/mL for p ‐hydroxycinnamic acid, 2.8 × 10 −3 –4.1 μg/mL for ferulic acid, and 2.7 × 10 −3 –4.1 μg/mL for cinnamic acid, with r 2 ≥ 0.9993. The detection limits were found to be in the range of 0.1–1.0 ng/mL, and satisfactory recoveries (92.5–111.2%) and precisions (RSDs 1.1–9.5%) were also achieved. The results showed that the approach is simple, effective and sensitive for the preconcentration and determination of trace levels of cinnamic acid derivatives in Chinese medicines. The proposed method was compared with conventional dodecanol floating solidification microextraction and other extraction methods.