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Deep eutectic solvent based gas‐assisted dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography and flame ionization detection for the determination of some pesticide residues in fruit and vegetable samples
Author(s) -
Farajzadeh Mir Ali,
Sattari Dabbagh Masoumeh,
Yadeghari Adeleh
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of separation science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.72
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1615-9314
pISSN - 1615-9306
DOI - 10.1002/jssc.201700052
Subject(s) - chromatography , flame ionization detector , deep eutectic solvent , gas chromatography , chemistry , solvent , pesticide residue , solid phase microextraction , pesticide , eutectic system , gas chromatography–mass spectrometry , analytical chemistry (journal) , mass spectrometry , organic chemistry , alloy , agronomy , biology
In this study, a gas‐assisted dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction method using a deep eutectic solvent as the extraction solvent combined with gas chromatography and flame ionization detection was developed for the extraction and determination of some pesticide residues in vegetable and fruit juice samples. In this method, choline chloride and 4‐chlorophenol at a molar ratio of 1:2 were mixed. By heating and vortexing, a clear, water‐immiscible, and homogeneous liquid was formed. The obtained deep eutectic solvent was added to an aqueous solution of the analytes in a conical test tube. Air was bubbled into the aqueous solution and a cloudy solution was obtained. During this step, the analytes were extracted into the fine droplets of the extraction solvent. After centrifugation, an aliquot of the settled phase was injected into the separation system. Under the optimum extraction conditions, enrichment factors, and extraction recoveries were obtained in the ranges of 247–355 and 49–71%, respectively. The obtained values for the limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.24–1.4 and 0.71–4.2 μg/L, respectively. The proposed method is simple, fast, efficient, and inexpensive.