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Review of in situ derivatization techniques for enhanced bioanalysis using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry
Author(s) -
Baghdady Yehia Z.,
Schug Kevin A.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of separation science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.72
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1615-9314
pISSN - 1615-9306
DOI - 10.1002/jssc.201501003
Subject(s) - bioanalysis , derivatization , chromatography , chemistry , sample preparation , mass spectrometry , analyte , protein precipitation , liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry , extraction (chemistry) , solid phase extraction
Accurate and specific analysis of target molecules in complex biological matrices remains a significant challenge, especially when ultra‐trace detection limits are required. Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry is often the method of choice for bioanalysis. Conventional sample preparation and clean‐up methods prior to the analysis of biological fluids such as liquid–liquid extraction, solid‐phase extraction, or protein precipitation are time‐consuming, tedious, and can negatively affect target recovery and detection sensitivity. An alternative or complementary strategy is the use of an off‐line or on‐line in situ derivatization technique. In situ derivatization can be incorporated to directly derivatize target analytes in their native biological matrices, without any prior sample clean‐up methods, to substitute or even enhance the extraction and preconcentration efficiency of these traditional sample preparation methods. Designed appropriately, it can reduce the number of sample preparation steps necessary prior to analysis. Moreover, in situ derivatization can be used to enhance the performance of the developed liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry‐based bioanalysis methods regarding stability, chromatographic separation, selectivity, and ionization efficiency. This review presents an overview of the commonly used in situ derivatization techniques coupled to liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry‐based bioanalysis to guide and to stimulate future research.