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Determination of triazole pesticide residues in edible oils using air‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Author(s) -
Farajzadeh Mir Ali,
Feriduni Behruz,
Mogaddam Mohammad Reza Afshar
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of separation science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.72
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1615-9314
pISSN - 1615-9306
DOI - 10.1002/jssc.201400818
Subject(s) - chromatography , chemistry , extraction (chemistry) , flame ionization detector , gas chromatography , solvent , sample preparation , detection limit , hexane , hexaconazole , tebuconazole , pesticide , organic chemistry , botany , fungicide , biology , carbendazim , agronomy
In the present study, a rapid, simple, and highly efficient sample preparation method based on air‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was developed for the extraction, preconcentration, and determination of five triazole pesticides (penconazole, hexaconazole, diniconazole, tebuconazole, and triticonazole) in edible oils. Initially, the oil samples were diluted with hexane and a few microliter of a less soluble organic solvent (extraction solvent) in hexane was added. To form fine and dispersed extraction solvent droplets, the mixture of oil sample solution and extraction solvent is repeatedly aspirated and dispersed with a syringe. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the method showed low limits of detection and quantification between 2.2–6.1 and 7.3–20 μg/L, respectively. Enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were in the ranges of 71–96 and 71–96%, respectively. The relative standard deviations for the extraction of 100 and 250 μg/L of each pesticide were less than 5% for intraday ( n = 6) and interday ( n = 3) precisions. Finally edible oil samples were successfully analyzed using the proposed method, and hexaconazole was found in grape seed oil.