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Highly sensitive determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface water by GC coupled to high‐resolution MS according to the EU Water Directive 2008/105/ EC
Author(s) -
BarcoBonilla Nieves,
PlazaBolaños Patricia,
Tarifa Noelia Ma Valera,
RomeroGonzález Roberto,
Martínez Vidal José Luis,
Frenich Antonia Garrido
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of separation science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.72
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1615-9314
pISSN - 1615-9306
DOI - 10.1002/jssc.201300757
Subject(s) - polybrominated diphenyl ethers , european union , chemistry , water framework directive , environmental chemistry , surface water , detection limit , chromatography , water quality , environmental science , pollutant , environmental engineering , organic chemistry , ecology , biology , business , economic policy
The analysis of brominated flame retardants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers ( PBDE s), has received increased interest because of their toxicity and ubiquity. According to European Union Directive 2008/105/EC, the development of highly sensitive and selective methods capable of determining PBDE s at low concentration levels (<0.5 ng/L) is necessary. In this work, an SPE method was developed for the analysis of the six PBDE s ( BDE ‐28, BDE ‐47, BDE ‐99, BDE ‐100, BDE ‐153, BDE ‐154) specified by the aforementioned directive in surface waters. The analyses were performed by GC coupled to magnetic sector high‐resolution MS . The conditions were also optimized to detect the target compounds in water samples at concentrations below the environmental quality standards established by European legislation. The validated method provided adequate linearity (determination coefficient, R 2 ≥ 0.9960), recovery (101–120%, except for BDE ‐47 at 5 ng/L, 127%), and precision values ( RSD < 20%) at two fortification levels (0.2 and 5 ng/L). The method showed LOD s and LOQ s ranging from 0.02 to 0.05 and from 0.05 to 0.1 ng/L, respectively. The method was applied in surface water samples, allowing the determination of these compounds at the limits established by current legislation.