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Application of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by HPLC–MS/MS for the trace determination of clotrimazole in environmental water samples
Author(s) -
ZgołaGrześkowiak Agnieszka,
Grześkowiak Tomasz
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of separation science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.72
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1615-9314
pISSN - 1615-9306
DOI - 10.1002/jssc.201300271
Subject(s) - clotrimazole , effluent , chromatography , chemistry , high performance liquid chromatography , wastewater , sewage , sample preparation , sewage treatment , environmental chemistry , environmental science , environmental engineering , antifungal , medicine , dermatology
A method for the analysis of clotrimazole was developed with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for sample pre‐concentration and HPLC–MS/MS for analysis. A linear ion trap was used for the confirmation of clotrimazole identity in the samples. The developed method enables the analysis of clotrimazole in river water and sewage effluent from wastewater treatment plants with a LOQ of 0.7 ng/L. Environmental monitoring of clotrimazole was undertaken. Samples from river water and sewage effluents were analysed over a one‐year period. Clotrimazole was found in every tested sample with concentration range from 1 to 31 ng/L. The amount of clotrimazole in tested samples was highly dependent on sampling season. The highest results were obtained in summer and autumn.