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Fit‐for‐purpose in veterinary drug residue analysis: Development and validation of an LC‐MS/MS method for the screening of thirty illicit drugs in bovine urine
Author(s) -
Leporati Marta,
Capra Pierluigi,
Brizio Paola,
Ciccotelli Valentina,
Abete Maria Cesarina,
Vincenti Marco
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of separation science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.72
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1615-9314
pISSN - 1615-9306
DOI - 10.1002/jssc.201100691
Subject(s) - chromatography , veterinary drug , analyte , veterinary drugs , chemistry , urine , residue (chemistry) , clean up , extraction (chemistry) , medicine , veterinary medicine , biochemistry
A selective and sensitive method for screening 31 analytes (nine corticosteroids, eight β‐agonists, seven anabolic steroids, six promazines and zeranol) in bovine urine was validated according to 2002/657/EC guidelines. Upon optimization of sample treatment conditions, the extraction was performed by diethylether at pH 9, after deconjugation. Extraction yields ( R %) proved higher than 70% for 19 analytes, 50< R %<70 for 5 analytes, lower than 50% but reproducible for the remaining six analytes. The analyses were carried out using HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. The method sensitivity proved high enough to largely exceed the CCβ requirements of the Italian residue detection plan, ranging from 1 to 3 ng/mL (20 ng/mL for promazines). The present method allowed the simultaneous analysis of most drugs for which the European legislation prescribes official controls. Its practical applicability was verified on 494 real samples as an alternative to the traditional screening protocols based on multiple immunometric analysis, demonstrating high efficiency and comprehensive investigation capacity, allowing epidemiological assessment of the current trends in cattle breeding drug abuse. Among non‐compliant results, nine borderline cases of growth‐promoters illegal treatments, making use of long‐term low‐dosage administrations and typically yielding urine residues below the cut‐off value for immunochemical methods, were detected by using the present LC‐MS/MS method.