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Stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction chromatography, their characterization and implementation into multidimensional chromatography concepts
Author(s) -
Jandera Pavel
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of separation science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.72
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1615-9314
pISSN - 1615-9306
DOI - 10.1002/jssc.200800051
Subject(s) - hydrophilic interaction chromatography , chemistry , silanol , chromatography , selectivity , chemical polarity , reversed phase chromatography , high performance liquid chromatography , organic chemistry , molecule , catalysis
Abstract Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is becoming increasingly popular for separation of polar samples on polar columns in aqueous‐organic mobile phases rich in organic solvents (usually ACN). Silica gel with decreased surface concentration of silanol groups, or with chemically bonded amino‐, amido‐, cyano‐, carbamate‐, diol‐, polyol‐, or zwitterionic sulfobetaine ligands are used as the stationary phases for HILIC separations, in addition to the original poly(2‐sulphoethyl aspartamide) strong cation‐exchange HILIC material. The type of the stationary and the composition of the mobile phase play important roles in the mixed‐mode HILIC retention mechanism and can be flexibly tuned to suit specific separation problems. Because of excellent mobile phase compatibility and complementary selectivity to RP chromatography, HILIC is ideally suited for highly orthogonal 2‐D LC‐LC separations of complex samples containing polar compounds, such as peptides, proteins, oligosaccharides, drugs, metabolites and natural compounds. This review attempts to present an overview of the HILIC separation systems, possibilities for their characterization and emerging HILIC applications in 2‐D off‐line and on‐line LC‐LC separations of various samples, in combination with RP and other separation modes.