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Optimization of the separation of chlorophenols with stepwise gradient elution in reversed phase liquid chromatography
Author(s) -
Hadjmohammadi Mohammad Reza,
Kamel Kamyar,
Fatemi Mohammad Hosein
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of separation science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.72
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1615-9314
pISSN - 1615-9306
DOI - 10.1002/jssc.200700095
Subject(s) - elution , chromatography , chemistry , resolution (logic) , analytical chemistry (journal) , phase (matter) , reversed phase chromatography , high performance liquid chromatography , fraction (chemistry) , organic chemistry , artificial intelligence , computer science
An optimization technique based on gradient elution was used to separate eleven chlorophenols by reversed phase liquid chromatography. The separation was based on gradient elution with a stepwise variation pattern of the volume fraction of organic modifier, φ, in the mobile phase. Initially, two‐, three‐, and four‐parameter equations which describe the dependence of ln k ′ upon φ, were examined for their ability to fit the experimental data. It was found that, among these equations, the four‐parameter equation gave the best fit of the experimental data. In addition to separation optimization, a non‐linear least squares program with a grid search for initial estimates was used to determine the best variation pattern. The best variation pattern was obtained with φ 1 = 0.27, φ 2 = 0.39, φ 3 = 0.62, t 1 = 33 min, and t 2 = 11 min. This pattern allowed the chromatographic separation of the chlorophenols with a good resolution and a total analysis time of 51 min. Good agreement was observed between predicted and experimental values of the retention times under optimal condition.