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Assessment of non‐surgical versus surgical therapy for localized hepatocellular carcinoma
Author(s) -
Mohanty Sanjay,
Rajaram Ravi,
Bilimoria Karl Y.,
Salem Riad,
Pawlik Timothy M.,
Bentrem David J.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of surgical oncology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.201
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1096-9098
pISSN - 0022-4790
DOI - 10.1002/jso.24113
Subject(s) - medicine , hepatocellular carcinoma , surgery , surgical resection , hepatectomy , carcinoma , resection
Background Localized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with adequate liver function is typically treated with resection. Non‐surgical modalities including trans‐arterial embolization have emerged as options for intermediate/advanced HCC. Hypothesizing that non‐surgical techniques have expanded to localized disease, we examined treatment patterns, factors associated with surgical therapy, and the impact of modality on survival. Methods Non‐cirrhotic, localized HCC patients were identified from the National Cancer Data Base (2003–2011). Trends were examined using average annual percent change (AAPC). Regression models were developed to determine factors associated with treatment and assess the association of modality with survival. Results Of 10,187 patients (median tumor size: 3.7 cm), 6,387 (62.7%) underwent surgery and 3,800 (37.3%) non‐surgical therapy. Surgery declined from 61.6% to 44.5% (AAPC, −3.7%; 95%CI, −4.9% to −2.6%, P < 0.001). Non‐surgical therapies increased from 17.2% to 39.2% (AAPC 11.4%; 95%CI, 8.8–14.1%, P < 0.001). White race, higher income, and treatment in an academic center (OR = 1.37, 95%CI 1.13–1.66) were associated with surgery. Patients selected for non‐surgical therapy had worse adjusted 5‐year survival (HR=2.05, 95%CI 1.85–2.26). Conclusions Non‐surgical therapy has become as common as surgery in the treatment of non‐cirrhotic, localized HCC. Randomized studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of treatments for this disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:175–180 . © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.