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Determination of macro, micro and trace elements in citrus fruits by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), ICP–mass spectrometry and direct mercury analyzer
Author(s) -
Hong Young Shin,
Choi Ji Yeon,
Nho Eun Yeong,
Hwang In Min,
Khan Naeem,
Jamila Nargis,
Kim Kyong Su
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of the science of food and agriculture
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 142
eISSN - 1097-0010
pISSN - 0022-5142
DOI - 10.1002/jsfa.9382
Subject(s) - chemistry , inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry , inductively coupled plasma , certified reference materials , mass spectrometry , inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy , environmental chemistry , microwave digestion , zinc , chromatography , analytical chemistry (journal) , detection limit , plasma , physics , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics
Abstract BACKGROUND Citrus fruits are widely consumed around the world. Several elements are known to have important physiological functions in living things, whereas others are reported to have toxic effects. This study was aimed to analyze the concentration of macro, micro and trace elements in citrus fruit varieties. Samples were acid digested using a microwave system and analyzed for macro elements by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) and for micro and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The application of analytical techniques was analyzed by determining method validation parameters including limits of detection and quantification, linearity, precision, spiking experiments and analyzing certified reference material (NIST CRM‐1570a), Spinach leaves. RESULTS The elemental levels of citrus fruits were found largely to be dependent upon the type of analyzed samples. Among nutritionally important elements, citrus fruits were good sources of potassium (95.13–270.4 mg kg −1 ), calcium (10.57–75.29 mg kg −1 ), zinc (466.5–1611 µg kg −1 ) and manganese (35.35–1902 µg kg −1 ). The concentrations of toxic elements (Pb, Cd, As, Al, Hg) were very low. CONCLUSION In general, the concentrations of analyzed elements were within the critical levels specified by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization and Food and Nutrition Board USA. Linear discriminant analysis successfully separated the samples into clear groups with 93.9% correct classification. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry