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Effects of washing, soaking and domestic cooking on cadmium, arsenic and lead bioaccessibilities in rice
Author(s) -
Liu Kunlun,
Zheng Jiabao,
Chen Fusheng
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of the science of food and agriculture
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 142
eISSN - 1097-0010
pISSN - 0022-5142
DOI - 10.1002/jsfa.8897
Subject(s) - cadmium , arsenic , cooking methods , hazard quotient , health risk , food science , carcinogen , chemistry , toxicology , cultivar , health hazard , health risk assessment , environmental chemistry , heavy metals , environmental health , medicine , biology , horticulture , biochemistry , organic chemistry
BACKGROUND The health risk of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) in rice can be assessed by their concentration and bioaccessibility. In this work, japonica cultivar Xinfeng 2 and indica cultivar T‐You 15 were washed, soaked and cooked using three common domestic cooking methods. The present study investigated the effects of washing, soaking, normal cooking, high‐pressure cooking and microwave cooking on the concentration, bioaccessibility and health risk of Cd, As and Pb in rice. RESULTS Washing significantly reduced concentrations of Cd, As and Pb, and all three types of cooking reduced bioaccessibilities of these elements. No significant differences in bioaccessibility were observed among rice prepared with different cooking methods. Concentrations and bioaccessibilities of Cd, As and Pb highly affected the values of average daily dose, hazard quotient and lifetime cancer risk. High concentration and bioaccessibility cause As to pose non‐carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks to adults and children. Moreover, compared with adults, children have a high chance of exposure to non‐carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks. CONCLUSION Washing and cooking of rice lowered the health risk by reducing Cd, As and Pb concentrations and bioaccessibilities respectively. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry