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Variability of lysozyme and lactoferrin bioactive protein concentrations in equine milk in relation to LYZ and LTF gene polymorphisms and expression
Author(s) -
Cieslak Jakub,
Wodas Lukasz,
Borowska Alicja,
Sadoch Jan,
Pawlak Piotr,
Puppel Kamila,
Kuczynska Beata,
Mackowski Mariusz
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of the science of food and agriculture
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 142
eISSN - 1097-0010
pISSN - 0022-5142
DOI - 10.1002/jsfa.8026
Subject(s) - lysozyme , lactoferrin , breed , lactation , single nucleotide polymorphism , biology , gene , food science , horse , zoology , genetics , genotype , pregnancy , paleontology
BACKGROUND Equine milk is considered to be an interesting product for human nutrition, mainly owing to its low allergenicity and significant amounts of bioactive proteins, including lysozyme ( LYZ ) and lactoferrin ( LTF ). The present study assessed the effect of genetic factors on LYZ and LTF concentration variability in mare's milk. RESULTS Significant effects of horse breed and lactation stage on milk LYZ and LTF contents were observed. The highest level of LTF and the lowest concentration of LYZ were recorded for the Polish Warmblood Horse breed. The highest amounts of both proteins were found for the earliest investigated time point of lactation (5th week). Altogether 13 (nine novel) polymorphisms were found in the 5′‐flanking regions of both genes, but they showed no significant relationship with milk LYZ and LTF contents. Several associations were found between selected SNPs and the LYZ gene relative transcript level. CONCLUSION While the present study indicated the existence of intra‐ and interbreed variability of LYZ and LTF contents in mare's milk, this variation is rather unrelated to the 5′‐flanking variants of genes encoding both proteins. This study is a good introduction for broader investigations focused on the genetic background for variability of bioactive protein contents in mare's milk. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry