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In vitro screening of natural feed additives from crustaceans, diatoms, seaweeds and plant extracts to manipulate rumen fermentation
Author(s) -
Belanche Alejandro,
RamosMorales Eva,
Newbold C Jamie
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of the science of food and agriculture
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 142
eISSN - 1097-0010
pISSN - 0022-5142
DOI - 10.1002/jsfa.7481
Subject(s) - rumen , propionate , fermentation , methanogenesis , biology , ascophyllum , food science , feed additive , algae , botany , bacteria , biochemistry , genetics , broiler
BACKGROUND Eight natural products from animal, unicellular algae, brown seaweed and plant origins were chosen according to their theoretical antimicrobial activity: Diatomaceous earths ( DE ), insoluble chitosan ( ICHI ), soluble chitosan ( CHI ), seaweed meal ( SWM ), Ascophyllum nodosum ( ASC ), Laminaria digitata ( LAM ), neem oil ( NOIL ) and an ivy fruit extract rich in saponins ( IVY ). Dose–response incubations were conducted to determine their effect on rumen fermentation pattern and gas production, while their anti‐protozoal activity was tested using 14 C ‐labelled bacteria. RESULTS DE , SWM , NOIL and ICHI had very small effects on rumen function when used at inclusion rate up to 2 g L −1 . ASC had anti‐protozoal effects (up to −23%) promoting a decrease in gas production and methanogenesis (−15%). LAM increased VFA production (+7%) and shifted from butyrate to acetate. CHI also shifted fermentation towards propionate production and lower methane (−23%) and protozoal activity (−56%). IVY decreased protozoal activity (−39%) and ammonia concentration (−56%), as well as increased feed fermentation (+11% VFA concentration) and shifted from acetate to propionate production. CONCLUSIONS ASC , LAM , CHI and IVY showed promising potential in vitro as feed additives to improve rumen function , thus more research is needed to investigate their mode of action in the rumen microbial ecosystem. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry