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Phytoecdysteroids and flavonoid glycosides among Chilean and commercial sources of Chenopodium quinoa : variation and correlation to physico‐chemical characteristics
Author(s) -
Graf Brittany L,
Rojo Leonel E,
DelatorreHerrera Jose,
Poulev Alexander,
Calfio Camila,
Raskin Ilya
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of the science of food and agriculture
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 142
eISSN - 1097-0010
pISSN - 0022-5142
DOI - 10.1002/jsfa.7134
Subject(s) - chenopodium quinoa , food science , flavonoid , biology , botany , horticulture , chemistry , biochemistry , antioxidant
BACKGROUND Little is known about varietal differences in the content of bioactive phytoecdysteroids ( PE ) and flavonoid glycosides ( FG ) from quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). The aim of this study was to determine the variation in PE and FG content among 17 distinct quinoa sources and identify correlations to genotypic (highland vs. lowland) and physico‐chemical characteristics (seed color, 100‐seed weight, protein content, oil content). RESULTS PE and FG concentrations exhibited over four‐fold differences across quinoa sources, ranging from 138 ± 11 µg g −1 to 570 ± 124 µg g −1 total PE content and 192 ± 24 µg g −1 to 804 ± 91 µg g −1 total FG content. Mean FG content was significantly higher in highland Chilean varieties (583.6 ± 148.9 µg g −1 ) versus lowland varieties (228.2 ± 63.1 µg g −1 ) grown under the same environmental conditions ( P = 0.0046; t ‐test). Meanwhile, PE content was positively and significantly correlated with oil content across all quinoa sources ( r = 0.707, P = 0.002; Pearson correlation). CONCLUSION FG content may be genotypically regulated in quinoa. PE content may be increased via enhancement of oil content. These findings may open new avenues for the improvement and development of quinoa as a functional food. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry