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The etiology of oxidative stress in the various species of animals, a review
Author(s) -
Puppel Kamila,
Kapusta Aleksandra,
Kuczyńska Beata
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of the science of food and agriculture
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 142
eISSN - 1097-0010
pISSN - 0022-5142
DOI - 10.1002/jsfa.7015
Subject(s) - oxidative stress , antioxidant , reactive oxygen species , oxidative phosphorylation , stressor , glutathione , chemistry , physiology , biochemistry , medicine , biology , enzyme , neuroscience
Oxidative stress is the consequence of an imbalance of pro‐oxidants and antioxidants leading to cell damage and tissue injury. The exhaustion of antioxidant systems is one of the reasons for the occurrence of oxidative stress, which results in avalanche production of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) or free radicals. High oxidative stress is common in organs and tissues with high metabolic and energy demands, including skeletal and heart muscle, liver and blood cells. Stress arises in animals in response to unavoidable or adverse environmental conditions. In the external environment, which affects the body of the cow, there are four main groups of stressors: physical, chemical, biological and psychological. Physical stressors include fluctuations in ambient temperature as well as mechanical injuries. High ambient temperature is one of the factors affecting the productivity of cows. Biological stressors are conditioned by errors and irregularities in habits. Both of these phenomena have an adverse impact on both the resistance of animals and fertility and are the etiological agent of oxidative stress. Various mechanisms may be responsible for metal‐induced oxidative stress: direct or indirect generation of ROS , depletion of glutathione and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes are well known for all redox‐active and redox‐inactive metals. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry