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Biofortification of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) with iodine: the effect of iodine form and concentration in the nutrient solution on growth, development and iodine uptake of lettuce grown in water culture
Author(s) -
Voogt Wim,
Holwerda Harmen T,
Khodabaks Rashied
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of the science of food and agriculture
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 142
eISSN - 1097-0010
pISSN - 0022-5142
DOI - 10.1002/jsfa.3902
Subject(s) - iodine , iodate , biofortification , lactuca , iodide , nutrient , chemistry , iodine deficiency , environmental chemistry , agronomy , horticulture , micronutrient , biology , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry
BACKGROUND: Iodine is an essential trace element for humans. Two billion individuals have insufficient iodine intake. Biofortification of vegetables with iodine offers an excellent opportunity to increase iodine intake by humans. The main aim was to study the effect of iodine form and concentration in the nutrient solution on growth, development and iodine uptake of lettuce, grown in water culture. RESULTS: In both a winter and summer trial, dose rates of 0, 13, 39, 65, and 90 or 129 µg iodine L −1 , applied as iodate (IO 3 − ) or iodide (I − ), did not affect plant biomass, produce quality or water uptake. Increases in iodine concentration significantly enhanced iodine content in the plant. Iodine contents in plant tissue were up to five times higher with I − than with IO 3 − . Iodine was mainly distributed to the outer leaves. The highest iodide dose rates in both trials resulted in 653 and 764 µg iodine kg −1 total leaf fresh weight. CONCLUSION: Biofortification of lettuce with iodine is easily applicable in a hydroponic growing system, both with I − and IO 3 − . I − was more effective than IO 3 − . Fifty grams of iodine‐biofortified lettuce would provide, respectively, 22% and 25% of the recommended daily allowance of iodine for adolescents and adults. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry