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Essential oil from leaves of Eugenia calycina Cambes: Natural larvicidal against Aedes aegypti
Author(s) -
Silva Marcus VSG,
Silva Sheila A,
Teixera Thaise Lara,
De Oliveira Alberto,
Morais Sérgio AL,
Da Silva Claudio Vieira,
Espindola Laila S,
Sousa Raquel MF
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of the science of food and agriculture
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 142
eISSN - 1097-0010
pISSN - 0022-5142
DOI - 10.1002/jsfa.10732
Subject(s) - aedes aegypti , hela , essential oil , cytotoxicity , vero cell , biology , traditional medicine , ethyl acetate , chemistry , larva , botany , chromatography , biochemistry , in vitro , medicine
BACKGROUND Eugenia calycina is an endemic species in the Brazilian savannah (the Cerrado) and it is threatened with extinction. Several species of Eugenia are used as insecticides or insect repellents. No data are available on the larvicidal activity of E. calycina . The chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) from leaves of Eugenia calycina was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and the larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae in the third stage of development was studied. RESULTS Oxygenated and non‐oxygenated sesquiterpenes were identified, and the main compounds were bicyclogermacrene, spathulenol, and β ‐caryophyllene. The EO was fractionated in a chromatographic column and three compounds were isolated and identified: spathulenol, aromadendrane‐4β,10α‐diol, and 1β‐11‐dihydroxy‐5‐eudesmene. It is the first time that the last two compounds have been identified in E. calycina. The exposure times in the larvicidal test were 24 h and 48 h and the LC 50 values obtained were 199.3 and 166.4 μg mL −1 . The cytotoxicity of the EO in mammalian cells (HeLa and Vero) was evaluated for 24 and 48 h of incubation. The cytotoxic concentrations of the EO for HeLa and Vero cells (266.8 ± 46.5 and 312.1 ± 42.5 μg mL −1 , respectively) in 48 h of exposure were higher than the LC 50 , showing low cytotoxicity at the concentration exhibiting larvicidal activity, resulting in a positive selectivity index. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the EO of E. calycina showed high activity against the A. aegypti larvae but lower cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. The leaves of E. calycina are therefore a very promising source of natural larvicidal products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry