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Synthesis and Properties of Three N ‐Alkyl Bis‐Quaternary Ammonium Salt Surfactants
Author(s) -
Liu Jiajia,
Shen Jun,
Wang Chen,
Xu Hujun
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of surfactants and detergents
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.349
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1558-9293
pISSN - 1097-3958
DOI - 10.1002/jsde.12443
Subject(s) - chemistry , critical micelle concentration , salt (chemistry) , alkyl , ammonium , epichlorohydrin , trimethylamine , ammonium chloride , krafft temperature , chloride , amine gas treating , nuclear chemistry , emulsion , hydrochloride , formaldehyde , carbon chain , organic chemistry , micelle , aqueous solution
Three N ‐alkyl bis‐quaternary ammonium salt surfactants were synthesized by using epichlorohydrin, trimethylamine hydrochloride, and N , N ‐dimethylalkyl amine as raw materials in a two‐step manner. The products were characterized by 1 H NMR and MS, confirming the successful synthesis of 2‐Hydroxy‐ N 1 , N 1 , N 3 , N 3 ‐tetramethyl‐ N 3 ‐dodecylpropane‐1,3‐diammonium chloride (HPDDC), 2‐Hydroxy‐ N 1 , N 1 , N 3 , N 3 ‐tetramethyl‐ N 3 ‐tetradecylpropane‐1,3‐diammonium chloride (HPTDC), and 2‐Hydroxy‐ N 1 , N 1 , N 3 , N 3 ‐tetramethyl‐ N 3 ‐hexadecylpropane‐1,3‐diammonium chloride (HPHDC). Moreover, the influence of carbon chain length on surface‐active properties, foaming properties, and paraffin liquid emulsion stability was investigated. Results indicated that critical micelle concentrations (cmc) decreased with increasing carbon chain length from 12 to 16, and the cmc and γ cmc were lower than those of Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC). The products exhibited better foam properties and worse emulsifying performance than those of DTAC. The Krafft points of all products were determined to be below 0 °C. Moreover, the products also demonstrated outstanding antibacterial properties.